Both men are fantastic but I believe on this specific team Partey works better than Casemiro would. These are the key differences.
Defensively, Casemiro is the much better tackler, more physical. Partey is stronger and interceptions and reads the game really well, probably a result of years of zonal defense under Simeone.
On offense, more nuanced. Partey is more suited for our offense because he is more comfortable on the ball. So he is able to attract defenses and do short progressive passes, creating quick advantage for us. He does this faster and more accurately. Where Casemiro is better is the long range Xhaka style distribution.
So it depends on what you are doing. If I’m 2020 Liverpool, I take Casemiro because he can better put the ball into the wings and lead the second line of the press. If I’m 2020 City, I take Partey because he can progress to KDB and Gundo better.