My cobbled-together understanding based on what I remember from the coup in Ukraine in 2014, and recent research …
The various versions of the Minsk agreements were supposed to allow for an orderly decentralisation of Luhansk and Donetsk via constitutional reform and referenda, the limit point of which from a Russian point of view was always supposed to be secession.
Instead there's been years of contra wars in those regions since 2014, funded by both Russia and other sources, and their "freely elected" leaders are so free they both got their United Russia party tickets last year.
The democratic question of "Ukraine or Russia?" in Donbas seems to be fully alive and undecided, and you can't see how it could be while conflict continues. This is an ongoing unprincipled territorial struggle between greater powers, aimed at the significant resource and strategic implications.
Putin's speech on the declaration of recognition of Luhansk and Donetsk was pretty interesting reading. Slammed Lenin for giving up too much to member states of the USSR other than Russia during its formation, and criticised Stalin for successfully integrating central power without ever adjusting official Soviet ideology to acknowledge it, instead maintaining a pretence of a democratic constellation. And also lots of bitter bean-counting about fiscal transfers during the collapse of the USSR. The overall thrust was that Russia must have a big, autocratic empire again, the public rationale is little more than blatant imperialism.
As Putin alludes to in his speech, there's been a dynamic where Ukraine has heightened the conflict and played both sides to extract concessions from the EU and NATO at different times, and NATO now seems very lukewarm on joining this conflict.
Today we're looking at a full-scale air and sea suppression by Russia of any Ukrainian military response, I'm guessing the future holds intensified guerrilla warfare in Donbas with civilians in the crossfire … and I suspect it's going to look a bit like "Syria lite" over there, probably right down to the US arming a "people's revolution" … it is brutally horrible for the people who live there.